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[知识类] 端午节的由来和习俗你知道多少?

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发表于 2026-6-19 11:24:50 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 中国山东济宁
端午节到了
让我们来了解一下
端午节的由来和习俗吧!

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端午节的由来


端午节是古老的传统节日,始于中国的春秋战国时期,至今已有2000多年历史。为每年农历五月初五。据《荆楚岁时记》记载,因仲夏登高,顺阳在上,五月是仲夏,它的第一个午日正是登高顺阳好天气之日,故五月初五亦称为“端阳节”。此外端午节还称“午日节、五月节、龙舟节、浴兰节、诗人节”等。端午节是流行于中国以及汉字文化圈诸国的传统文化节日。

端午节起源于中国,最初为古代百越地区(长江中下游及以南一带)崇拜龙图腾的部族举行图腾祭祀的节日,百越之地春秋之前有在农历五月初五以龙舟竞渡形式举行部落图腾祭祀的习俗。后因战国时期的楚国(今湖北)诗人屈原在该日抱石跳汨罗江自尽,统治者为树立忠君爱国标签将端午作为纪念屈原的节日;部分地区也有纪念伍子胥、曹娥等说法。

端午节与春节、清明节、中秋节并称为中国民间的四大传统节日。自古以来端午节便有划龙舟及食粽等节日活动。自2008年起,端午节被列为国家法定节假日。2006年5月,国务院将其列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录;2009年9月,联合国教科文组织正式审议并批准中国端午节列入世界非物质文化遗产,成为中国首个入选世界非遗的节日。

端午节习俗


时至今日,端午节仍是中国人民中一个十分盛行的隆重节日。过端午节,是中国人二千多年来的传统习惯,由于地域广大,民族众多,加上许多故事传说,于是不仅产生了众多相异的节名,而且各地也有着不尽相同的习俗。其内容主要有:"女儿回娘家,挂钟馗像,迎鬼船、躲午,帖午叶符,悬挂菖蒲、艾草,游百病,佩香囊,备牲醴,赛龙舟,放风筝,比武,击球,荡秋千,给小孩洗苦草麦药澡,涂雄黄,饮用雄黄酒、菖蒲酒,吃五毒饼、咸蛋、粽子和时令鲜果等。"

本来是夏季的一个驱除瘟疫的之季度,从这一天必不可少的祛病防疫活动,逐渐演变为吃粽子,赛龙舟,挂菖蒲`蒿草、艾叶,薰苍术、白芷,喝雄黄酒。从春秋战国至今,端午节已在民间传承两千多年。端午节的由来说法甚多,各地过法虽不尽相同,但包粽子、划龙船是普遍习俗。


端午节龙舟“龙舟”一词,最早见于先秦古书《穆天子传》卷五:“天子乘鸟舟、龙舟浮于大沼。”预《九歌·湘君》中“驾飞龙今北征,邅吾道兮洞庭”,“石濑浅浅,飞龙兮翩翩”,学者们也认为“飞龙”即龙舟。


龙船竞渡前,先要请龙、祭神。如广东龙舟,在端午前要从水下起出,祭过在南海神庙中的南海神后,安上龙头、龙尾,再准备竞渡。并且买一对纸制小公鸡置龙船上,认为可保佑船平安(隐隐可与古代鸟舟相对应)。闽、台则往妈祖庙祭拜。各种祭祀、纪念之仪式,无非是点香烛,烧纸钱,供以鸡、米、肉、供果、粽子等。如今这些含有迷信色彩朗仪式已很少见,但在过去,人们祭祀龙神庙时气氛很严肃,多祈求农业丰收、风调雨顺、去邪祟、攘灾异、事事如意,也保佑划船平安。用人们的话说,“图个吉利”,表达人们内心良好的愿望。而在湖北的屈原家乡秭归,也有祭拜屈原的仪式流传。

在划龙船时,又多有唱歌助兴的龙船歌流传。如湖北秭归划龙船时,有完整的唱腔,词曲根据当地民歌与号子融汇而成,唱歌声雄浑壮美,扣人心弦,即“举揖而相和之”之遗风。又如广东韶关市南雄县的龙船歌,是在四月龙船下水后唱到端午时止,表现内容十分广泛。


端午挂艾草端午是入夏后第一个节日,气温上升,正是疾病多发的时期,所以在很多年前人们往往会在家门口挂几株艾草,由于艾草特殊的香味,人们用它来驱病、防蚊、辟邪。


端午节在门口挂艾草、菖蒲(蒲剑)或石榴、胡蒜,都有其原因。通常将艾、榕、菖蒲用红纸绑成一束,然后插或悬在门上。因为菖蒲天中五瑞之首,象征驱除不祥的宝剑,因为生长的季节和外形被视为感“百阴之气”,叶片呈剑型,插在门口可以避邪。所以方士们称它为“水剑”,后来的风俗则引申为“蒲剑”,可以斩千邪。清代顾铁卿在《清嘉录》中有一段记载“截蒲为剑,割蓬作鞭,副以桃梗蒜头,悬于床户,皆以却鬼”。


端午节吃粽子


每年五月初,中国百姓家家都要浸糯米、洗粽叶、包粽子,其花色品种更为繁多。从馅料看,北方多包小枣的北京枣粽;南方则有豆沙、鲜肉、火腿、蛋黄等多种馅料,其中以浙江嘉兴粽子为代表。吃粽子的风俗,千百年来,在中国盛行不衰,并且流传到朝鲜、日本及东南亚诸国。

端午节画额


端午节时以雄黄涂抹小儿额头的习俗,云可驱避毒虫。典型的方法是用雄黄酒在小儿额头画“王”字,一借雄黄以驱毒,二借猛虎(“王”似虎的额纹,又虎为兽中之王,因以代虎)以镇邪。清富察敦祟《燕京岁时记》:“每至端阳,自初一日起,取雄黄合酒洒之,用涂小儿领及鼻耳间,以避毒物。”除在额头、鼻耳涂抹外,亦可涂抹他处,用意一致。山西《河曲县志》云:“端午,饮雄黄酒,用涂小儿额及两手、足心,……谓可却病延年。”


端午节佩豆娘旧时端五节妇女的头饰。多见于江南。一些地区亦称作健人。此物一说源于古代的步摇,一说即艾人的别样形式。《清嘉录》引《唐宋遗纪》云:“江谁南北,五日钗头彩胜之制,备极奇巧。凡以缯销翦制艾叶,或攒绣仙、佛、合、乌、虫、鱼、百兽之形,八宝群花之类。绉纱蜘蛛,绮榖凤麟,茧虎绒陀,排草蜥蜴,又螳蜘蝉蝎,又葫芦瓜果,色色逼真。加以幡幢宝盖,绣球繁缨,钟铃百状,或贯以串,名曰豆娘,不可胜纪。”


端午节其它习俗


端午节还有躲端午、佩长命缕、戴香包、避五毒、采药、饮蒲酒(雄黄酒、朱砂酒)、端午雨、跳钟馗、斗草、打马球、游天坛等等一些其他的习俗。

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发表于 6 天前 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国安徽宿州
ARC Raiders Expedition 4 Ready for Departure U4GM

If you've been waiting for a reason to log back in, this is probably it. ARC Raiders has been a bit quiet lately, and the long gap before the Frozen Trail update has made some players drift into other games. Still, Expedition 4 gives people something concrete to chase again. It's not just another reset button. It's a short window where your preparation, your damage output, and even your past Expedition streak can turn into permanent gains. Before you start clearing stash space or checking old gear, it's worth making sure your crafting plans and ARC Raiders BluePrints line up with what you actually want to carry into the next cycle.
When The Departure Window Should Close
Expedition 4's departure window opens after the preparation phase ends on June 22, and this is the part where players need to pay attention. In earlier cycles, the departure phase usually lasted about one week. If the team sticks to that old rhythm, the window should close around June 30. That said, Expedition 3 ran for two weeks instead, mostly because new rules arrived right before the launch phase and plenty of players needed extra breathing room. So, there's still a chance Expedition 4 could stay open until around July 7. Nothing has been locked in publicly yet, which means the safe move is simple: don't wait until the last night. ARC Raiders has a habit of making small timing details matter, and missing the sign-up can feel pretty awful when you did the prep work already.
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To enter the departure phase, you need to finish the material hand-ins from the five preparation stages first. Once that's done, you still have to actively sign up for the departure window. A surprising number of players forget that second step because the game doesn't treat preparation and departure as one automatic action. You prepare, then you choose to leave. If you're not ready for a reset, you can skip it. There's no shame in that. Maybe your stash is finally in a good place, maybe you don't have much time this week, or maybe you just don't want to rebuild from scratch right now. But if you've already put hours into Expedition 4, signing up is usually the better call. The permanent rewards are the whole point, and skipping can also break your stacked participation bonuses.
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Expedition 4 is worth doing if you've already invested time in the preparation phase, especially if you care about long-term progression. The damage target gives active players a clear job, and the permanent skill points are useful from the first day of the next cycle. If you're behind, don't panic. Focus on getting signed up, then push damage in sessions you can actually manage instead of trying to cram everything into one miserable night. The game may be in a quieter stretch, but this window is one of the few ways to make real progress before the next major update. Some players will also use the downtime to tidy up resources, plan builds, or pick up cheap ARC Coins while they prepare for the reset and whatever comes after it.

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